Часть 4. Underlay. BGP

Цель

  • Настроить BGP для Underlay сети

Ожидаемый результат

  1. Настроен BGP в Underlay сети и IP-связанность между всему сетевыми устройствами.

  2. В документации зафиксирован план работ, адресное пространство, схема сети и конфигурация устройств.

  3. Подтверждена IP-связанность между устройствами.

Планирование AS

Под катом планирование номеров AS

Disclaimer

После сложной рабочей недели планирование AS пришлось делать с помощью чат-бота

Предлагается следующая схема использования нумерации AS:

  • Используем 32-битную нумерацию.

  • Используем 32-битные частные ASNs из диапазона 4200000000–4294967294.

  • Первые 16 бит отводятся для обозначения страны, остальные для использования внутри страны.

Кодируем каждую страну символом:

Базовый AS номер для каждой страны вычисляется по формуле:

Базовый AS = 4200000000 + (Код страны × 65536)

Пример для Норвегии:

AS = 4200000000 + (2 × 65536) = 4200131072

Структура внутри страны:

[Код города (8 бит)][Код региона/ДЦ (8 бит)]

Пример для Норвегии (NO)

Базовый AS для города вычисляется следующим образом:

Базовый AS города = Базовый AS страны + (Код города × 256)

Пример для Осло (OSL)

AS = 4200131072 + (1 × 256) = 4200131328

Расчет распределения AS внутри города по датацентрам.

Для DC1 ("Мидгард")

AS = 4200131328 + 1 = 4200131329

Spine-коммутаторы: AS 4200131329

Leaf-коммутаторы: диапазон 4200131331–4200131583 для уникальных ASNs.

Заметка.

Распределение AS нужно пересмотреть в пределах Города-ДЦ. Пока используем так.

  • Для Spine-коммутаторов внутри DC1 ("Мидгард") используем следующую AS: 4200131329

  • Для каждого Leaf-коммутатора используем уникальный номер AS:

    • no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k01-lf01 - 4200131331

    • no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k02-lf01 - 4200131332

    • no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k03-lf01 - 4200131333

То же самое, но табличкой:

Unit
Simple Name
AS Number

no-osl-dc1-f1-r01k01-spn01

Spine01

4200131329

no-osl-dc1-f1-r02k01-spn01

Spine02

4200131329

no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k01-lf01

Leaf01

4200131331

no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k02-lf01

Leaf02

4200131332

no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k03-lf01

Leaf03

4200131333

На картинке выглядит так:

Достижение результата

В результате поисков путей реализации лабораторный Netbox был дополнен двумя, на мой взгляд, полезными плагинами:

  • NetBox BGP Plugin https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox-bgp/ - документирование BGP.

  • NextBox UI Plugin https://github.com/iDebugAll/nextbox-ui-plugin - визуализация топологий.

Итак, мы имеем установленный и настроенный Netbox с плагином "NetBox BGP Plugin". Далее, нам нужно заполнить информацию о BGP, а именно:

  1. Создать в разделе IPAM -> Aggregates -> RIRs хотя бы один RIR

Netbox. RIR

  1. Создать в разделе IPAM -> ASNS -> ASNs автономные системы согласно таблички выше и соотнести их к RIR:

Netbox. ASN

  1. Заполнить информацию о BGP сессиях в разделе Plugins ->BGP -> Sessions :

Netbox. BGP Sessions

Примечание

  • Для массового добавления нужно использовать импорт.

  • Высокий риск допустить ошибку при ручном заполнении.

  1. Применяем новый шаблон для генерации конфигурации устройств и BGP netbox_bgp_template.

netbox_bgp_template.jinja2
netbox_bgp_template.jinja2
hostname {{ device.name }}
!
{%- block content %}
management api http-commands
   no shutdown
   !
   vrf default
      no shutdown
   !
   vrf {{ vrfs.mgmt }}
      no shutdown
{%- endblock %}
!
ip routing
no ip routing vrf {{ vrfs.mgmt }}
!
ip route vrf {{ vrfs.mgmt }} 0.0.0.0/0 {{ mgmt_default_gw }}
!
{%- for key, value in stp_mode.items() %}
spanning-tree mode {{ value }}
!
{%- endfor %}
{%- for key, value in vrfs.items() %}
vrf instance {{ value }}
!
{%- endfor %}
{%- for interface in device.interfaces.all() %}
  {%- if interface.name.startswith('Ethernet') %}
interface {{ interface.name }}
    {%- for ip in interface.ip_addresses.all() %}
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address {{ ip.address }}
    {%- endfor %}
    {%- if not interface.enabled %}
  shutdown
    {%- else %}
  no shutdown
    {%- endif %}
    {%- if interface.description %}
  description {{ interface.description }}
    {%- endif %}
!
  {%- elif interface.name.startswith('Loopback') %}
interface {{ interface.name }}
    {%- for ip in interface.ip_addresses.all() %}
  ip address {{ ip.address }}
    {%- endfor %}
    {%- if interface.description %}
  description {{ interface.description }}
    {%- endif %}
!
  {%- elif interface.name.startswith('Management') %}
interface {{ interface.name }}
    {%- for ip in interface.ip_addresses.all() %}
  ip address {{ ip.address }}
  vrf {{ vrfs.mgmt }}
    {%- endfor %}
    {%- if interface.description %}
  description {{ interface.description }}
    {%- endif %}
!
  {%- endif %}
{%- endfor %}
!
! Данный блок отвечает за генерацию конфигурации для BGP из Netbox
{%- for local_asn, sessions in device.bgpsession_set.all() | groupby('local_as.asn') %}
router bgp {{ local_asn }}
   maximum-paths 2
  {%- for session in sessions %}
   neighbor {{ session.remote_address.address.ip }} remote-as {{ session.remote_as.asn }}
   neighbor {{ session.remote_address.address.ip }} bfd
  {%- endfor %}
   redistribute connected
{%- endfor %}
!
end

  1. Применяем Rendered Config к устройствам (все еще вручную)

no-osl-dc1-f1-r01k01-spn01.conf
no-osl-dc1-f1-r01k01-spn01.conf
hostname no-osl-dc1-f1-r01k01-spn01
!
management api http-commands
   no shutdown
   !
   vrf default
      no shutdown
   !
   vrf mgmt
      no shutdown
!
ip routing
no ip routing vrf mgmt
!
ip route vrf mgmt 0.0.0.0/0 172.16.108.1
!
spanning-tree mode mstp
!
vrf instance mgmt
!
interface Ethernet1
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.0/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet2
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.2/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet3
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.4/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet4
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet5
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet6
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet7
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet8
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet9
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet10
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet11
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet12
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet13
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet14
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet15
  shutdown
!
interface Ethernet16
  shutdown
!
interface Loopback0
  ip address 10.16.0.1/32
  description Loopback for RE
!
interface Management1
  ip address 172.16.108.101/24
  vrf mgmt
!
!
router bgp 4200131329
   maximum-paths 2
   neighbor 10.16.2.1 remote-as 4200131331
   neighbor 10.16.2.1 bfd
   neighbor 10.16.2.3 remote-as 4200131332
   neighbor 10.16.2.3 bfd
   neighbor 10.16.2.5 remote-as 4200131333
   neighbor 10.16.2.5 bfd
   redistribute connected
!
end
no-osl-dc1-f1-r02k01-spn01.conf
no-osl-dc1-f1-r02k01-spn01.conf
hostname no-osl-dc1-f1-r02k01-spn01
!
management api http-commands
   no shutdown
   !
   vrf default
      no shutdown
   !
   vrf mgmt
      no shutdown
!
ip routing
no ip routing vrf mgmt
!
ip route vrf mgmt 0.0.0.0/0 172.16.108.1
!
spanning-tree mode mstp
!
vrf instance mgmt
!
interface Ethernet1
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.6/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet2
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.8/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet3
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.10/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet4
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet5
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet6
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet7
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet8
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet9
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet10
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet11
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet12
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet13
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet14
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet15
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet16
  no shutdown
!
interface Loopback0
  ip address 10.16.0.2/32
  description Loopback for RE
!
interface Management1
  ip address 172.16.108.102/24
  vrf mgmt
!
!
router bgp 4200131329
   maximum-paths 2
   neighbor 10.16.2.7 remote-as 4200131331
   neighbor 10.16.2.7 bfd
   neighbor 10.16.2.9 remote-as 4200131332
   neighbor 10.16.2.9 bfd
   neighbor 10.16.2.11 remote-as 4200131333
   neighbor 10.16.2.11 bfd
   redistribute connected
!
end
no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k01-lf01.conf
no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k01-lf01.conf
hostname no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k01-lf01
!
management api http-commands
   no shutdown
   !
   vrf default
      no shutdown
   !
   vrf mgmt
      no shutdown
!
ip routing
no ip routing vrf mgmt
!
ip route vrf mgmt 0.0.0.0/0 172.16.108.1
!
spanning-tree mode mstp
!
vrf instance mgmt
!
interface Ethernet1
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.1/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet2
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.7/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet3
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet4
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet5
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet6
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet7
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet8
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet9
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet10
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet11
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet12
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet13
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet14
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet15
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet16
  no shutdown
!
interface Loopback0
  ip address 10.16.1.1/32
  description Loopback for RE
!
interface Loopback10
  ip address 10.16.4.1/32
  description Loopback for VTEP
!
interface Management1
  ip address 172.16.108.111/24
  vrf mgmt
!
!
router bgp 4200131331
   maximum-paths 2
   neighbor 10.16.2.0 remote-as 4200131329
   neighbor 10.16.2.0 bfd
   neighbor 10.16.2.6 remote-as 4200131329
   neighbor 10.16.2.6 bfd
   redistribute connected
!
end
no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k02-lf01.conf
no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k02-lf01.conf
hostname no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k02-lf01
!
management api http-commands
   no shutdown
   !
   vrf default
      no shutdown
   !
   vrf mgmt
      no shutdown
!
ip routing
no ip routing vrf mgmt
!
ip route vrf mgmt 0.0.0.0/0 172.16.108.1
!
spanning-tree mode mstp
!
vrf instance mgmt
!
interface Ethernet1
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.3/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet2
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.9/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet3
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet4
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet5
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet6
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet7
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet8
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet9
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet10
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet11
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet12
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet13
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet14
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet15
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet16
  no shutdown
!
interface Loopback0
  ip address 10.16.1.2/32
  description Loopback for RE
!
interface Loopback10
  ip address 10.16.4.2/32
  description Loopback for VTEP
!
interface Management1
  ip address 172.16.108.112/24
  vrf mgmt
!
!
router bgp 4200131332
   maximum-paths 2
   neighbor 10.16.2.2 remote-as 4200131329
   neighbor 10.16.2.2 bfd
   neighbor 10.16.2.8 remote-as 4200131329
   neighbor 10.16.2.8 bfd
   redistribute connected
!
end
no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k03-lf01.conf
no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k03-lf01.conf
hostname no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k03-lf01
!
management api http-commands
   no shutdown
   !
   vrf default
      no shutdown
   !
   vrf mgmt
      no shutdown
!
ip routing
no ip routing vrf mgmt
!
ip route vrf mgmt 0.0.0.0/0 172.16.108.1
!
spanning-tree mode mstp
!
vrf instance mgmt
!
interface Ethernet1
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.5/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet2
  no switchport
  bfd interval 200 min-rx 200 multiplier 3
  ip address 10.16.2.11/31
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet3
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet4
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet5
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet6
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet7
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet8
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet9
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet10
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet11
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet12
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet13
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet14
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet15
  no shutdown
!
interface Ethernet16
  no shutdown
!
interface Loopback0
  ip address 10.16.1.3/32
  description Loopback for RE
!
interface Loopback10
  ip address 10.16.4.3/32
  description Loopback for VTEP
!
interface Management1
  ip address 172.16.108.113/24
  vrf mgmt
!
!
router bgp 4200131333
   maximum-paths 2
   neighbor 10.16.2.4 remote-as 4200131329
   neighbor 10.16.2.4 bfd
   neighbor 10.16.2.10 remote-as 4200131329
   neighbor 10.16.2.10 bfd
   redistribute connected
!
end

Результат настройки BGP

no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k01-lf01: sh ip route bgp
VRF: default
Codes: C - connected, S - static, K - kernel, 
       O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, E1 - OSPF external type 1,
       E2 - OSPF external type 2, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1,
       N2 - OSPF NSSA external type2, B - Other BGP Routes,
       B I - iBGP, B E - eBGP, R - RIP, I L1 - IS-IS level 1,
       I L2 - IS-IS level 2, O3 - OSPFv3, A B - BGP Aggregate,
       A O - OSPF Summary, NG - Nexthop Group Static Route,
       V - VXLAN Control Service, M - Martian,
       DH - DHCP client installed default route,
       DP - Dynamic Policy Route, L - VRF Leaked,
       G  - gRIBI, RC - Route Cache Route

B E      10.16.0.1/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.0, Ethernet1
B E      10.16.0.2/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.6, Ethernet2
B E      10.16.1.2/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.0, Ethernet1
via 10.16.2.6, Ethernet2
B E      10.16.1.3/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.0, Ethernet1
via 10.16.2.6, Ethernet2
B E      10.16.2.2/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.0, Ethernet1
B E      10.16.2.4/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.0, Ethernet1
B E      10.16.2.8/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.6, Ethernet2
B E      10.16.2.10/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.6, Ethernet2
B E      10.16.4.2/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.0, Ethernet1
via 10.16.2.6, Ethernet2
B E      10.16.4.3/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.0, Ethernet1
via 10.16.2.6, Ethernet2
no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k02-lf01: sh ip route bgp
VRF: default
Codes: C - connected, S - static, K - kernel, 
       O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, E1 - OSPF external type 1,
       E2 - OSPF external type 2, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1,
       N2 - OSPF NSSA external type2, B - Other BGP Routes,
       B I - iBGP, B E - eBGP, R - RIP, I L1 - IS-IS level 1,
       I L2 - IS-IS level 2, O3 - OSPFv3, A B - BGP Aggregate,
       A O - OSPF Summary, NG - Nexthop Group Static Route,
       V - VXLAN Control Service, M - Martian,
       DH - DHCP client installed default route,
       DP - Dynamic Policy Route, L - VRF Leaked,
       G  - gRIBI, RC - Route Cache Route

 B E      10.16.0.1/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.2, Ethernet1
 B E      10.16.0.2/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.8, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.1.1/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.2, Ethernet1
                               via 10.16.2.8, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.1.3/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.2, Ethernet1
                               via 10.16.2.8, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.2.0/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.2, Ethernet1
 B E      10.16.2.4/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.2, Ethernet1
 B E      10.16.2.6/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.8, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.2.10/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.8, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.4.1/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.2, Ethernet1
                               via 10.16.2.8, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.4.3/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.2, Ethernet1
                               via 10.16.2.8, Ethernet2
no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k03-lf01: sh ip route bgp
VRF: default
Codes: C - connected, S - static, K - kernel, 
       O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, E1 - OSPF external type 1,
       E2 - OSPF external type 2, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1,
       N2 - OSPF NSSA external type2, B - Other BGP Routes,
       B I - iBGP, B E - eBGP, R - RIP, I L1 - IS-IS level 1,
       I L2 - IS-IS level 2, O3 - OSPFv3, A B - BGP Aggregate,
       A O - OSPF Summary, NG - Nexthop Group Static Route,
       V - VXLAN Control Service, M - Martian,
       DH - DHCP client installed default route,
       DP - Dynamic Policy Route, L - VRF Leaked,
       G  - gRIBI, RC - Route Cache Route

Gateway of last resort is not set

 B E      10.16.0.1/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.4, Ethernet1
 B E      10.16.0.2/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.10, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.1.1/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.4, Ethernet1
                               via 10.16.2.10, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.1.2/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.4, Ethernet1
                               via 10.16.2.10, Ethernet2
 C        10.16.1.3/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
 B E      10.16.2.0/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.4, Ethernet1
 B E      10.16.2.2/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.4, Ethernet1
 C        10.16.2.4/31 is directly connected, Ethernet1
 B E      10.16.2.6/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.10, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.2.8/31 [200/0] via 10.16.2.10, Ethernet2
 C        10.16.2.10/31 is directly connected, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.4.1/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.4, Ethernet1
                               via 10.16.2.10, Ethernet2
 B E      10.16.4.2/32 [200/0] via 10.16.2.4, Ethernet1
                               via 10.16.2.10, Ethernet2
 C        10.16.4.3/32 is directly connected, Loopback10

Проверяем доступность loopback интерфейсов

ping
no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k01-lf01#ping 10.16.1.2 source 10.16.1.1
PING 10.16.1.2 (10.16.1.2) from 10.16.1.1 : 72(100) bytes of data.
80 bytes from 10.16.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=10.2 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=6.67 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=6.87 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=7.18 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.1.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=6.53 ms

--- 10.16.1.2 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 38ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 6.539/7.504/10.256/1.396 ms, ipg/ewma 9.632/8.831 ms

no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k01-lf01#ping 10.16.1.3 source 10.16.1.1
PING 10.16.1.3 (10.16.1.3) from 10.16.1.1 : 72(100) bytes of data.
80 bytes from 10.16.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=8.93 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.1.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=6.03 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.1.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=6.54 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.1.3: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=6.92 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.1.3: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=6.67 ms

--- 10.16.1.3 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 34ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 6.033/7.023/8.933/1.003 ms, ipg/ewma 8.546/7.960 ms

no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k01-lf01#ping 10.16.4.2 source 10.16.4.1
PING 10.16.4.2 (10.16.4.2) from 10.16.4.1 : 72(100) bytes of data.
80 bytes from 10.16.4.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=8.34 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.4.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=7.16 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.4.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=11.9 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.4.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=7.64 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.4.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=9.38 ms

--- 10.16.4.2 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 37ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 7.162/8.896/11.944/1.700 ms, ipg/ewma 9.480/8.645 ms

no-osl-dc1-f1-r03k01-lf01#ping 10.16.4.3 source 10.16.4.1
PING 10.16.4.3 (10.16.4.3) from 10.16.4.1 : 72(100) bytes of data.
80 bytes from 10.16.4.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=11.0 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.4.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=10.6 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.4.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=9.23 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.4.3: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=8.72 ms
80 bytes from 10.16.4.3: icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=11.5 ms

--- 10.16.4.3 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 48ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 8.722/10.251/11.557/1.090 ms, ipg/ewma 12.173/10.661 ms
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